📚 Real estate calculators
The real estate calculators cluster covers property and rental math: capitalization rate, NOI, effective gross income, operating expense ratio, cash flow, break-even occupancy, vacancy, occupancy, rent-to-income, cash-on-cash return, gross rental yield, GRM, price-to-rent, CapEx reserves, rehab ROI, price per square foot, closing cost percentage, and debt service coverage—each on a single-intent URL.
Analyze property deals and rentals with cap rate, NOI, EGI, OpEx ratio, annual cash flow, break-even occupancy, vacancy/occupancy, rent-to-income, cash-on-cash, yields, GRM, price-to-rent, CapEx reserve %, rehab ROI, price per sq ft, closing cost %, and DSCR. For loan LTV, EMI, and down payment %, use the linked Finance tools.
Key facts
| Primary audience | Investors, landlords, agents, underwriters, and homebuyers |
|---|---|
| Core formulas | NOI/EGI builds, yields (cap/CoC/gross), occupancy, cash flow, $/SF, DSCR |
| Category | Real estate / investing / housing |
| Related hubs | Finance (EMI, LTV, down payment); Business (ROI) |
Definitions
Cap rate
NOI divided by property value × 100—an unlevered income yield.
NOI
Effective operating income minus operating expenses—before debt service and income taxes.
Cash-on-cash
Annual cash flow after debt service divided by cash invested × 100.
DSCR
NOI divided by annual debt service—a coverage multiple lenders watch.
Formulas
- NOI: operating income − OpEx
- Cap rate %: (NOI ÷ value) × 100
- Cash flow: NOI − annual debt service
- Break-even occupancy %: (OpEx + debt) ÷ GPR × 100
- CoC %: (annual cash flow ÷ cash invested) × 100
- DSCR: NOI ÷ annual debt service
Comparison table
| Topic | Guidance |
|---|---|
| Cap rate vs cash-on-cash | Cap rate ignores financing; CoC reflects levered cash flow vs cash invested. |
| Gross yield vs cap rate | Gross yield uses rent; cap rate uses NOI after operating expenses. |
| NOI vs cash flow | NOI is before debt service; annual cash flow subtracts loan payments. |
| Vacancy vs occupancy | They are complementary when definitions match—occupied + vacant ≈ total. |
Glossary references
Reinforce entities by pairing percent language with conversion pages when learners mix fractions, decimals, and ratios.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
Where is LTV or EMI?
Loan-to-value, EMI, and down payment percentage live on the Finance hub and are linked from this page.
Are these appraisals or loan offers?
No. They are educational planning calculators—confirm figures with appraisers, lenders, and advisors.
Cap rate or GRM for screening?
Cap rate needs NOI; GRM / price-to-rent uses gross rent and is a faster but coarser screen.
How do I build NOI?
Start with EGI (after vacancy), subtract OpEx with the NOI calculator, then use cash flow or CoC for levered results.